Needham’s book is the example par excellence of treating modern analytical material in a more classical, geometric vein; some of these books approach it in that regard, while others just include nice pictures or illustrations. I’m sure I’m forgetting about many texts with beautiful figures; I’ll add to the list as I’m reminded of them.
Tristan Needham, Visual Complex Analysis
Nathan Carter, Visual Group Theory
Martin Weissman, An Illustrated Theory of Numbers
Elias Wegert, Visual Complex Functions
Siegmund Brandt and Hans Dieter Dahmen, The Picture Book of Quantum Mechanics
James Callahan, Advanced Calculus: A Geometric View
H. M. Schey, Div, Grad, Curl and All That
Michio Kuga, Galois’ Dream: Group Theory and Differential Equations
Charles Misner, Kip Thorne, and John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation
Michael Spivak, A Comprehensive Introduction to Differential Geometry
David Hilbert and Stephan Cohn-Vossen, Geometry and the Imagination